Credit Hours: CME 1.00

Target Audience:

This activity is directed to physicians who take care of hospitalized children, medical students, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants working in the emergency room, intensive care unit, or hospital wards.

Educational Objectives:

Upon completion of this activity, participants should be able to:

Review symptoms and pathophysiology of primary vs secondary adrenal insufficiency.
Review management of both primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency.
Review workup of both primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency and review adrenal crisis.

Suggested Additional Reading & Joint Accreditation Statement - Note: This Accreditation Statement Supersedes All Other Statements:

Suggested Additional Resources

Beun JG, Burman P, Kämpe O, Husebye ES, Hahner S, Kristensen J, Noordzij A, Dahlqvist P. Doctors, teach your adrenal insufficiency patients well: provide them with a European Emergency Card! Endocr Connect. 2022 Dec 12;12(1):e220345. doi: 10.1530/EC-22-0345. PMID: 36327148; PMCID: PMC9782421.
Perry R, Kecha O, Paquette J, Huot C, Van Vliet G, Deal C. Primary adrenal insufficiency in children: twenty years experience at the Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Jun;90(6):3243-50. doi: 10.1210/jc.2004-0016. Epub 2005 Apr 5. PMID: 15811934.
Ergun-Longmire, B., Rowland, D., Dewey, J., & Vining-Maravolo, P. (2022). A narrative review: an update on primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) in pediatric population. Pediatric Medicine, 6. doi:10.21037/pm-22-2
Arlt W. CAHtalyzing Change in Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia. N Engl J Med. 2024 Aug 8;391(6):559-561. doi: 10.1056/NEJMe2407740. PMID: 39115066.
Moises Auron, Nouhad Raissouni; Adrenal Insufficiency. Pediatr Rev March 2015; 36 (3): 92–103. https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.36-3-92
Hsieh S, White PC. Presentation of primary adrenal insufficiency in childhood. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Jun;96(6):E925-8. doi: 10.1210/jc.2011-0015. Epub 2011 Apr 6. PMID: 21470994.

Joint Accreditation Statement:
In support of improving patient care, the University of Pittsburgh is jointly accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) and the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE), and the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC), to provide continuing education for the healthcare team.

The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine designates this enduring material activity for a maximum of 0.75 AMA PRA Category 1 CreditsTM.
Physicians should only claim credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

Other health care professionals will receive a certificate of attendance confirming the number of contact hours commensurate with the extent of participation in this activity.

Authors:

Alexandra Ahmet, MD — Associate Professor of Pediatrics at the University of Ottawa (Canada), Division Chief for pediatric endocrinology at the Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario in Ottawa Canada
Dr. Ahmet contributed to an Advisory Board for Dexcom x 1 day in 2024.

Maria G. Vogiatzi, MD — Professor of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Dr. Vogiatzi receives grant/research support from Neurocrine Biosciences, Spruce Bioscience, Adrenas Therapeutics and Crinetics. Dr. Vogiatzi is a consultant for Neurocrine Bioscience, Crinetics, and Eton Pharmaceuticals.

Selma Witchel MD — Professor Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Dr. Witchel receives grant/research support from Neurocrine Biosciences, and is a consultant for Neurocrine Biosciences.

Tony R. Tarchichi, MD — Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC.) Paul C. Gaffney Diagnostic Referral Group.
No other planners, members of the planning committee, speakers, presenters, authors, content reviewers and/or anyone else in a position to control the content of this education activity have relevant financial relationships to disclose.

No other members of the planning committee, speakers, presenters, authors, content reviewers and/or anyone else in a position to control the content of this education activity have relevant financial relationships with any companies whose primary business is producing, marketing, selling, re-selling, or distributing healthcare products used by or on patients.

This activity is approved for AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™

The University of Pittsburgh is an affirmative action, equal opportunity institution.